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When troubleshooting routing issues the standard approach is to follow the routing table for every route along the path. You might perform a traceroute to find out exactly where the packets are going and to see the routers along the path. This way you would know exactly which device might be causing the issues and you can start investigating the routing tables of the specific routers. RIP Passive Interfaces Read the ICND1 cram guide Implementing inter-VLAN routing using sub interfaces addresses the scalability issues that are possible when using multiple physical router interfaces. With sub interfaces, only a single physical interface is required on the router and subsequent subinterfaces are configured off that physical interface. This is illustrated below in Figure 10.13: 3.4Configure, verify, and troubleshoot inter-VLAN routing 3.2.dRouting protocol code Passive Interface(s): System Description: Topology Comparing and manipulating the AD in order to prefer it over the correct routing protocol Referencing Figure 10.11, the first line starts at 0 and ends at 8, and the second line begins at 8 and ends at 13. The vector for the first line is 8, while the vector for the second line is 5. Using basic math, we know that 8 + 5 = Total entries displayed: 1 Switch#Name: Gig0/1 The interface is up,spoto company, and the switchport port-security command was issued under the interface. This is reflected in the Secure-up port status. You won’t be able to test this unless you have internet access on the router. Don’t use live equipment if you have access to routers at work. 4.Configure Router 1 so it can route traffic between VLANs. %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console VTP Lab Router0#show cdp neighbors Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) Port Status : Secure-shutdown Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q Operational Trunking Encapsulation: native Negotiation of Trunking: Off Router(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1 Router(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.250 192.168.1.255 1.Create VLAN 10 for data and VLAN11 for voice traffic on the switch. The native VLAN is another important element that you should verify on the trunk ports. Misconfigured native VLANs can lead to a lack of functionality or security issues. The native VLAN should match at both ends of the trunk links. Max Addresses limit in System : 1024 !!!!! C 192.168.1.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1/0 RouterA# R1(config)#ntp master ? Hello timer expiration (sec/state): 7/RUNNING Access timer expiration (sec/state): never/STOPPED Negotiation timer expiration (sec/state): never/STOPPED Multidrop timer expiration (sec/state): never/STOPPED FSM state: S6:TRUNK Pinging 10.10.10.254 with 32 bytes of data: ! lines omitted for brevity Gateway of last resort is not set *Mar 1 00:29:15.779: %DHCP-6-ADDRESS_ASSIGN: Interface FastEthernet0/0 assigned DHCP address 10.10.10.2, mask 255.255.255.0, hostname Router Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default)Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default) In Cisco IOS Software Release 12.0T and later, RIP does not advertise the default route if the route is not learned via RIP. It may be necessary to redistribute the route into RIP. Static Host Routes Matching subnet 192.200.1.0 255.255.255.192 would require the following: Configuring, Verifying, and Troubleshooting RIP 0 and 255, with a value of 0 assigned to the most reliable source of information and a value of 255 assigned to the least reliable source of information. Any routes that are assigned an administrative distance value of 255 are considered untrusted and will not be placed into the routing table. VTP Lab Please note that your switch will need to have a security image which permits basic security settings. ! lines omitted for brevity Gateway of last resort is not set Following this configuration, the show ipv6 route command can be used to verify the static route configuration implemented on the local router, as illustrated below: Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set 4.Test Telnet by Telnetting from your PC to your switch. Review previous lessons and labs from day 9-12 Read the ICND1 cram guide Platform: Cisco 2960, Capabilities: Switch 　172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masks S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 172.16.4.2 A “network” as it applies to network routing is a remote subnet that you would like to reach. Some examples may be 10.1.0.0/24, 192.168.0.0/16, or 38.122.188.0/25. Basically, if it’s anything below a /31 subnet, then you ultimately would need to rely on a network route to reach it. Switch(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0 Switch(config-if)#no shut In order to verify and troubleshoot RIP, you would use the commands below (as well as the debugs above), which I recommend that you try out on any RIP lab that you configure. * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR If you can’t ping across a directly-connected link, then you need to fix that issue before checking for routing issues. Next, check your routing configuration. You need to ensure that there are no unwanted passive Switchport: Enabled Administrative Mode: trunk Operational Mode: trunk There are many types of delay, all of which affect different types of traffic. In general, delay refers to the length of time required to move a packet from its source to its destination through the internetwork. In Cisco IOS software, the interface delay value is in microseconds (µs). Switch(config)#interface vlan1 ! SW1#show interfaces FastEthernet0/1 switchport Name: Fa0/6 2.Set the interface on the switch to static access. R1(config)#interface FastEthernet0/0.30 Data and Voice VLAN Configuration Standard numbered ACLs are the most basic form of ACL you can apply to the router. While they are the easiest to configure, they have the most limited range of filters available. They can only filter based on the source IP address or network. The way to recognize a standard ACL is by the number which precedes the configuration lines; these numbers will be from 1 to 99. In order to practically understand the topics presented in this module, some traffic captures on the devices involved in the examples above will be generated. After the DHCP server is configured and the client workstation boots up, the four-step DHCP process occurs, as can be observed in Figure i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area, Switch#show errdisable recovery ErrDisable Reason Timer Status Router1 Fas 0/1 169 R C1841 Fas 0/0 Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds: Router#show ip access-lists Standard IP access list 1 Switch(config)#int f0/1 4.Now ping the remote network on R1 from R2. Securing the Switch Prevent Telnet Access Switch-1(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/2 Switch-1(config-if)#switchport Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default) Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default) Voice VLAN: none Switch and Switchport Security (mins) network 10.10.10.0 1.You will need to add IP addresses on each PC. Feel free to choose your own, as long as they are on the same subnet! 　　Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 3, Lost = 1 (25% loss), Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Once a DHCP server allocates an IP address, the following notification (which includes the address and mask) will be visible on the router console: 1.Check the current CDP settings on your switch. Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. SwitchA(config)#int FastEthernet0/2 Configure a Loopback interface on each router and assign addresses from two different ranges (11.11.11.1/24 for R1 and 12.12.12.2/24 for R2) Configure RIP and advertise all the local networks 3.6Configure, verify, and troubleshoot IPv4 and IPv6 static routing Switch-1(config-if)#switchport port-security maximum 2 Sometimes certain routes might intermittently disappear and appear from the routing table, causing intermittent connectivity to specific destinations. This may be because a certain network area has some kind of communication problem and routers along the path propagate new routing information every time that area becomes accessible. This process is called “route flapping,” and the specific routes can be blocked so the entire network is not affected using a feature called “route dampening.

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