spoto ccnp

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CDP/LLDP Classless protocols use VLSM (i.e., RIPv2 and EIGRP): Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static,spoto ccnp, R - RIP, B - BGP U - Per-user static route Learn how to verify and configure CDP and LLDP settings on Cisco switches. Generally, you can look at the configuration syntax for extended ACLs, as follows: When troubleshooting port security, it is important to check the configuration that has been implemented by first using the show running-config interface If you use multiple ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 commands to configure a default route, traffic will be load balanced over the multiple routes. EIGRP propagates a route to network 0.0.0.0 if the static route is redistributed into the routing protocol. Fa0/0 psecure-violation 193 SwitchA#show interface trunk 1 link downs, last link down on Mon Mar 01 1993, 00:00:20 In Cisco IOS software, all sources of routing information are assigned a default administrative distance value. This default value is an integer between 4.Configure a static route on Router B, sending all traffic for the 172.16.1.0/24 network to next-hop address 192.168.1.1. 6 0004.c16f.8741 DYNAMIC Fa0/3 VLAN and Trunking Switch(config-if)#int f0/1 O - OSPF intra, OI - OSPF inter, OE1 - OSPF ext 1, OE2 - OSPF ext 2 ON1 - OSPF NSSA ext 1, ON2 - OSPF NSSA ext 2 Administrative Mode: trunk Operational Mode: trunk Because all routers in the network have the same view of the network, the most optimal paths are used for forwarding packets between networks and the possibility of routing loops is eliminated. Therefore, techniques such as split horizon and route poisoning do not apply to Link State routing protocols as they do to Distance Vector routing protocols. Connect to a router with a console cable and Ethernet cable. Connect another router (or just use PT). Switchport: Enabled Administrative Mode: static access Operational Mode: static access D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area, N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2, E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, 0 nonegotiate, 0 bad version, 0 domain mismatches, 0 bad TLVs, 0 other Version : This configuration can be validated via the show interfaces [name] switchport command, as illustrated in the following output: Following this configuration, the show ipv6 route command can be used to verify the static route configuration implemented on the local router, as illustrated below: Router# Switch-1(config)#interface GigabitEthernet0/2 Switch-1(config-if)#switchport 2.Ping across the Serial link to ensure that it is working. Access Mode VLAN: 0 ((Inactive)) exec-wait Delay EXEC startup on noisy lines finger Allow responses to finger requests Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default) Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default) --------------------------- Total Addresses in System : 1 Internet Protocol Routing Fundamentals Switch(config)#vtp password Cisco321 In order to verify and troubleshoot RIP, you would use the commands below (as well as the debugs above), which I recommend that you try out on any RIP lab that you configure. The point of ACLs is to filter the traffic which passes through your router. I don’t know of any network which should permit any traffic type to enter or leave it. 6.Issue a show ip route 172.16.1.1 and same for 10.1.1.1 6.Set interface to trunk on the left switch. Port Vlans allowed on trunk 4.Check the LLDP entry again. Normal and detailed. 6.Wait about 30 seconds at most and then ping from PC to PC. Learn how to configure voice VLANs on a Cisco switch. 172.16.0.0/16 directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 192.168.1.0/24 auto-summary Port Mode Encapsulation Status Native vlan Fa0/4 on 802.1q trunking 1 Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:AAAA:BBBB:CCCC::2, timeout is 2 seconds: 1.Add an enable password to the switch of cisco. 6.Issue a show ip route 172.16.1.1 and same for 10.1.1.1 Challenge 1 – Switch Security Lab 2.Ping across the Serial link to ensure that it is working. Instructions Version : nominal freq is 249.5901 Hz, actual freq is 249.5900 Hz, precision is 2**18 reference time is C02C38D2.950DA968 (05:53:22.582 UTC Sun Mar 3 2002) clock offset is 4.6267 msec, root delay is 3.16 msec that their connectivity to the core site is very slow. What happened? Gateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets received from the secure addresses learned on the port for the specified time period. Renewal (T1) timer (default 50% of the lease time): Whenever a workstation obtains an IP address, this timer starts up, and when 50% of the lease time has been reached, the DHCP client will try to renew its lease with the original DHCP server. Switchport: Enabled Administrative Mode: trunk Operational Mode: trunk ---- --------- ------------------------------- Setting device VLAN database password tocisco Switch1(config)# It is worth noting that if you have a switch set to transparent mode in- between two other switches, then pruning will not work. 3.1.cFrame rewrite Last update from 10.1.1.2 on Ethernet0/0.1, 00:00:15 ago Routing Descriptor Blocks: Note that you have to advertise the directly-connected network between the two routers. On R2, you would only advertise the 192 network as there are no other networks attached. Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)#vlan 10 6.Now Telnet from your PC to the switch. Because only SSH is permitted, the connection should fail. entry Information for specific neighbor entry interface CDP interface status and configuration neighbors CDP neighbor entries pt-vty-logging Log significant VTY-Async events Purpose Purpose IPv6 Static Routes When troubleshooting routing issues the standard approach is to follow the routing table for every route along the path. You might perform a traceroute to find out exactly where the packets are going and to see the routers along the path. This way you would know exactly which device might be causing the issues and you can start investigating the routing tables of the specific routers. Secure Port MaxSecureAddr CurrentAddr SecurityViolation Security Action (Count) (Count) (Count) HTTP secure server trustpoint: Command syntax for ACLs DNS maps hostnames to IP addresses (not the other way around). This allows you to browse a web address from your web browser instead of the server IP address. Version : Day 12 Lab udp-small-servers Enable small UDP servers (e.g., ECHO) one of the links is actually a FastEthernet link while the other is actually a GigabitEthernet link is irrelevant to the routing protocol. Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q Operational Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q Negotiation of Trunking: Disabled dot1q - Interface uses only 802.1q trunking encapsulation when trunking Port numbers ACL rules Change the Native VLAN Router(dhcp-config)#dns-server 172.16.1.3 PC>ipconfig /renew The native VLAN is another important element that you should verify on the trunk ports. Misconfigured native VLANs can lead to a lack of functionality or security issues. The native VLAN should match at both ends of the trunk links. FastEthernet0/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down FastEthernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down 2.7.aStatic enable secret 5 $1$mERr$hx5rVt7rPNoS4wqbXKX7m0 [strong level 5 password] 3.6Configure, verify, and troubleshoot IPv4 and IPv6 static routing R1(config-subif)#ip add 10.20.20.1 255.255.255.0 R1(config-subif)#exit Device ID Local Intrfce Holdtme Capability Platform Port ID Switch Gig 0/1 121 S 2960 Gig 0/1 ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 Ethernet0/2 Server Mode 8 0004.c16f.8742 DYNAMIC Fa0/5 Router(dhcp-config)#network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 This portion of the study guide will focus on static default routing, so going forward, all examples will reference static routing. Dynamic routing will be covered in other portions of this study guide. Router#show run ‹ or show ip access lists access-list 1 permit host 172.16.1.1 For this lab I simply connected two 2960 switches using a crossover cable on port G0/1. Default Gateway. : 172.16.1.2 Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q Operational Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q Negotiation of Trunking: On Troubleshooting inter-VLAN routing Set an Enable Secret Password Total Mac Addresses for this criterion: 6 Figure 10.7 shows the same packet leaving Router A for Router B. There is a route lookup and then the packet is switched out of interface E1. Type 800 indicates that the packet is IPv4. Topology Switch CAM tables are storage locations that contain lists of known MAC addresses on physical ports, as well as their VLAN parameters. Dynamically learned contents of the switch CAM table, or MAC address table, can be viewed by issuing the show mac-address-table dynamic command, as illustrated in the following output: HTTP secure server ciphersuite: 3des-ede-cbc-sha des-cbc-sha rc4-128-md5 rc4-12 HTTP secure server client authentication: Disabled There are three versions of VTP, which are versions 1, 2, and 3. As of the time of this writing, the default version used by Cisco Catalyst switches is VTP version 1. This can be validated in the output of the show vtp status command as illustrated above. Although many network engineers can configure routing protocols, they lack an understanding as to how packets are encapsulated as well as other routing fundamentals. Cisco have addressed this in the new exam syllabus. The ICND1 exam requires you to have an understanding of basic routing and packet flow across a network. We will also take a look at the technology behind routing protocols. Today you will learn about the following: Basic routing R2(config-if)#end R2#ping 172.16.1.1 4.Configure Router 1 so it can route traffic between VLANs. Lease time: 30 days (and the derived renewal time and rebinding time values discussed earlier) When using DTP on two neighboring switches, if the switch port defaults to a dynamic desirable state, the port will actively attempt to become a trunk. If the switch port defaults to a dynamic auto state, the port will revert to being a trunk only if the neighboring switch is set to dynamic desirable mode. tcp-small-servers Enable small TCP servers (e.g., ECHO) telnet-zeroidle Set TCP window 0 when connection is idle timestamps Timestamp debug/log messages Day 8 Tasks R1(config-if)#router rip MOTD (message of the day) – shown before the user sees the login prompt 2.Create VLAN 2 on the switch. The commands to configure a static route (see Figure 11.1 below) include the following: S ::/0 [1/0] You actually need to add an exclamation mark in-between each line of configuration (if you are pasting it in) to tell the router to do a carriage return: Router(config)#access-list 1 permit host 172.16.1.1 R1#show ip protocols Routing Protocol is “rip” R 80.1.1.0/24 [120/1] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:04, Ethernet0/0.1 Let’s implement two different routes into the routing table using each method and see if you can discern the different behavior in the routing table. Switch(config)#no ip http server Figure 10.7 shows the same packet leaving Router A for Router B. There is a route lookup and then the packet is switched out of interface E1. Type 800 indicates that the packet is IPv4. Manual (static) trunk configuration Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP) Port Vlans allowed on trunk Fa0/1 1,10,20,30,40,50 As you can see above, the host IP address is 192.168.1.10 and the next hop in order to reach that host is 10.0.0.1. Learn how routers can be used as DHCP servers. Following this configuration, the show ipv6 route command can be used to verify the static route configuration implemented on the local router, as illustrated below: Port numbers Device ID Local Interface Holdtime Capability Platform Port Exec – shown to the user after the login prompt (used when you want to hide information from unauthorized users) 4.6 Configure, verify, and troubleshoot IPv4 standard numbered and named access list for routed interfaces traffic Traffic related statistics virtual-links Virtual link information RIP Passive Interfaces 764 packets output (764 good) 3.Configure a static route on R2 so it can reach the network attached to Loopback 0 on R1. You will need to add a next-hop link local address because (in this example) we are using an exit interface (f0/0). The first step is enabling the DHCP service on the router. This is done using the service dhcp command, as exemplified below: Rapid convergence * 192.168.1.1 ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 Ethernet0/2 R1(config-router)#no auto-summary R2#show ip route DNS maps hostnames to IP addresses (not the other way around). This allows you to browse a web address from your web browser instead of the server IP address. Switch1(config)#int FastEthernet0/2 Switch1(config-if)#no cdp enable Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default)Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default) In production networks with Cisco Catalyst 3750 switches, it is always a good idea to determine what the switch will be used for, and then select the appropriate Switch Database Management (SDM) template via the sdm prefer {access | default | dual-ipv4-and-ipv6 {default | routing | vlan} | routing i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2 ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2, E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E – EGP, i - IS-IS, SwitchA#show vlan brief Invalid after 0 seconds, hold down 0, flushed after 0 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set Redistributing: isis HTTP secure server capability: Present HTTP secure server status: Enabled HTTP secure server port: 443 %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan1, changed state to up In addition to using the show ipv6 route command, the show ipv6 static [prefix] [detail] command can also be used to view detailed information about all or just specified static routes. The following output illustrates how to use this command: Verifying the Correct Path Selection Distance Vector uses distance or hop count as its primary metric for determining the best forwarding path. Distance Vector routing protocols are primarily based on the Bellman-Ford algorithm. Distance Vector routing protocols periodically send their neighbor routers copies of their entire routing tables to keep them up to date on the state of the network. While this may be acceptable in a small network, it increases the amount of traffic that is sent across networks as the size of the network grows.

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