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this to indicate that a route is no longer reachable. This is accomplished by setting the route metric to a maximum value. 5.If you wish, you can go back into the DHCP pool and add a default 1.Check the current CDP settings on your switch. request-list Link state request list retransmission-list Link state retransmission list rib Routing information base (RIB) sham-links Sham link information statistics Various OSPF Statistics access-list 1 permit host 172.16.2.2 R1#show ip protocols Routing Protocol is “rip” A DHCP server can be configured to provide IP addresses in a number of different ways, including: C 170.170.3.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 FastEthernet0/0 is administratively down, line protocol is down Hardware is Gt96k FE, address is c200.27c8.0000 (bia c200.27c8.0000) MTU 1500 bytes, BW 10000 Kbit/sec, DLY 1000 usec, Purpose R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/1] via 172.16.1.1, 00:00:40, FE0/0 Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 12/22/36 ms Switch#ping 192.168.1.1 ‹ test connection from switch to PC Type escape sequence to abort. 1002 fddi-default active Figure 10.7 shows the same packet leaving Router A for Router B. There is a route lookup and then the packet is switched out of interface E1. Type 800 indicates that the packet is IPv4. Switch-1(config-if)#switchport trunk native vlan 30 Switch-1(config-if)#exit same view of and agree on optimal routes. When convergence takes a long time to occur, intermittent packet loss and loss of connectivity may be experienced between remote networks. In addition to these problems, slow convergence can result in network routing loops and outright network outages. Ease of adding and removing VLANs password-encryption Encrypt system passwords password-recovery Disable password recovery prompt Enable mode specific prompt Rebinding (T2) timer (default: 87.5% of the lease time): This second timer is used in situations in which the DHCP server does not answer or confirm the allocation extension after the renewal timer expires. This timer states that if 7/8ths of the lease time has passed, the client will try to find (send a DHCP Request) other DHCP servers which might be able to provide a DHCP address. Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8 Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12 Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16 Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20 Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24 Pinging 192.168.1.1 with 32 bytes of data: Topology Administrative Mode: dynamic desirable Operational Mode: trunk 01:29:15: RIP: received v2 update from 172.16.1.2 on Serial0 01:29:15:192.168.2.0/24 via 0.0.0.0 Rapid convergence is another primary objective of all routing algorithms. As stated earlier, convergence occurs when all routers in the network have the 1.Configure the connections between the routers and ping An important routing protocol design and configuration consideration is to S 192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1 1003 token-ring-default active 1 0004.c16f.8741 SecureSticky Gi0/2 - .!!!! With default routing, if a router receives a packet and it doesn’t have a destination route in its routing table, it can forward the packet to the default route, which is usually a more powerful Internet edge router carrying a larger routing table. Routing Problems Avoidance Mechanisms Entry address(es): Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default) Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default) Voice VLAN: none Sending CDP packets every 60 seconds Sending a holdtime value of 180 seconds Sending CDPv2 advertisements is enabled An err-disabled port might look something like this: You can also add an IP address to the switch to allow you to Telnet to it for management purposes. This is referred to as a Switch Virtual Interface (SVI). It is a wise precaution to have this management access in a VLAN other than VLAN 1, as shown in the output below: via FE80::2222, Serial0/0 1.Add IP addresses to all the interfaces and then ping across the link. I’ve used Ethernet here but you can use a serial link if you wish as in the above topology. 2 link ups, last link up on Mon Mar 01 1993, 00:00:22 Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default) Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default) Voice VLAN: none %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console Switch>en Switch#conf t The first method of implementing inter-VLAN routing for communication entails using a router with multiple physical interfaces as the default gateway for each individually configured VLAN. The router can then route packets received from one VLAN to another using these physical LAN interfaces. This method is illustrated below in Figure 10.12: As you can see above, the host IP address is 192.168.1.10 and the next hop in order to reach that host is 10.0.0.1. S 3FFF:1234:ABCD:2::/64 [1/0] In order to verify and troubleshoot RIP, you would use the commands below (as well as the debugs above), which I recommend that you try out on any RIP lab that you configure. R1(config)#ip default-gateway 172.16.1.1 Configuring Access Control Lists R2#show ip route Switch-1(config)#interface range FastEthernet0/1 – 2 Switch-1(config-if-range)#switchport Troubleshooting DNS Issues Turn it off with the no auto-summary command: 4.Issue a show ip route and check all networks on both routers R1(config-if)#ipv6 add 2001:aaaa:bbbb:cccc::1/64 R1(config-if)#no shut Network Time Protocol Take today’s exam A scope can also be a contiguous pool of addresses available for allocation by the DHCP server. Most servers also offer the functionality of excluding some addresses from the pool in order to avoid allocating them dynamically to clients. The excluded addresses are usually those IP addresses manually assigned to servers (and network devices) in the network. Codes: C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static, R - RIP, B - BGP U - Per-user static route Router0#show cdp Global CDP information: Router(config)#access-list 1 permit 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.3 Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1,300 times 410, timeout is 2 seconds: Shutdown VLAN (this is outside the CCNA syllabus) Aging Type : Absolute SecureStatic Address Aging : Disabled Maximum MAC Addresses 1 Figure 10.13 depicts the same LAN illustrated in Figure 10.12. In Figure 10.13, however, only a single physical router interface is being used. In order to implement an inter-VLAN routing solution, subinterfaces are configured off the main physical router interface using the interface [name].[subinterface number] global configuration command. Each subinterface is associated with a particular VLAN using the encapsulation [isl|dot1Q] [vlan] subinterface configuration command. The final step is to configure the desired IP address on the interface.

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